Human data are limited to one surveillance study of Michigan Medicaid patients, with 108 women exposed in the first trimester
8
One controlled, prospective study of 89 women exposed to loperamide during their first
Opioid users have recognized that loperamide can ameliorate withdrawal
Generic name: loperamide [ loe-PER-a-mide ] Brand names:
Includes: indications, dosage, adverse reactions and pharmacology
Summary
In an 18-month rat study with oral doses up to 40 mg/kg/day (21 times the maximum human dose of 16 mg/day, based on a
Importantly, this inhibitory effect was significantly decreased in cells that had been pretreated with loperamide, suggesting that desensitization, or tachyphylaxis, also occurs at the cellular level
Dose-response studies should be performed, and standard treatment doses of loperamide should be reassessed
27 However, with typical doses of loperamide, it is unlikely that these interactions are clinically relevant
It classifies as an anti-diarrheal agent
The recommended standard dose of loperamide is 4 mg initially, followed by 2 mg with every episode of diarrhea to a maximum of 16 mg daily Loperamide has been reported to induce apoptosis in the aforementioned cancer cell lines (9,10), but the mechanisms are unclear
A human abuse potential study of loperamide hydrochloride at single doses up to 60 mg (3
5 mg) of diphenoxylate all reduced stool frequency to the same extent, diphenoxylate was significantly less Conclusions: This study suggests that loperamide is being used extra-medically to self-treat opioid withdrawal symptoms
In a single dose study in acute diarrhoea, 4mg loperamide had a much longer duration of effect than 5mg diphenoxylate or 400mg clioquinol plus 40mg phanquone