Zonisamide Chemistry, Mechanism of Action, and Pharmacokinetics
This drug is a synthetic analog of thebaine—an alkaloid compound derived from the poppy flower
Through this action, phenytoin obstructs the positive feedback that underlies the development of maximal seizure activity, while normal brain activity, proceeding at lower neuronal firing rates, is spared its Mechanisms of action — Antiseizure medications are typically grouped by their principal mode of action, although for many drugs, the precise mechanism of action is not known or multiple actions are suspected ( table 1 )
Phenytoin was formerly the most commonly used anticonvulsant agent but is now declining in use, having been replaced by more modern, better tolerated
Recent studies have implicated the potent inhibitory modulator adenosine, which is well recognized to have antiseizure activity ( Dunwiddie and Masino 2001 ), in the action of the ketogenic diet ( Masino et al
Monitoring
Phenytoin as an anticonvulsant Mechanism of action "membrane stabiliser" blocks voltage gated sodium channels; Most of the antiepileptic effect takes place at the motor cortex, where it inhibits the spread of seizure activity possibly by promoting sodium efflux from neuron Phenytoin is an inducer of the hepatic cytochrome P450 microsomal isoenzymes CYP3A4, CYP2D6
The mechanism of action of phenytoin in neuropharmacology has been investigated for more than 80 years (Hesselink, 2017, Kopsky and Keppel Hesselink, 2017)
This target, however, does not explain many of the other clinical properties of phenytoin
Valproic acid (VPA) ia as a highly prevalent medication with multifaceted therapeutic applications in various neurological and psychiatric disorders