Issue Section: Review
Mechanism of Action
Possible mechanisms include direct endothelial- or vascular smooth muscle-mediated vasodilation and indirect compensation to acute decreases in cardiac output
A second class of diuretics, sometimes termed aquaretics, instead inhibit water reabsorption by
Hypokalemia
It binds to Na+Cl- symporter and inhibits Na+Cl- symport at the luminal membrane
As a net result, bisoprolol reduces the oxygen
Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I by an enzyme, renin, that gets released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney
The consistency of torsemide’s absorption and its longer duration of action are distinguishing pharmacologic
Other side effects include: hypokalemia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia
electrolyte imbalance
Valsartan may increase the serum concentration of HydroCHLOROthiazide
4% of thiazide prescriptions in 2019
Amlodipine works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium
It is also used to prevent kidney problems in people with
Hydrochlorothiazide is in a class of medications called diuretics ('water pills')
High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries
5 to 25 mg once daily; titrate as needed based on patient response after 3 to 4 weeks of therapy
A distinction between the duration of action of telmisartan 10–40 mg and losartan 25–100 mg was also noted in a Japanese study using home blood
5-20mg PO daily and can be used in patients with lower GFRs
Hydrochlorothiazide
Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide