As kidney function declines in CKD, there is a progressive deterioration in mineral homeostasis, with a disruption of normal serum and tissue concentrations of phosphate
1 In patients with CKD Stages 3 and 4, therapy with an active oral vitamin D sterol (calcitriol, alfacalcidol, or doxercalciferol) is indicated when serum levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D are >30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L), and
A 55-year-old African American man with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) from type 2 diabetes mellitus has the followinglaboratorydata:parathyroidhormone(PTH),160pg/mL
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With chronic kidney disease the combination of limited vitamin D intake and reduced renal capacity to activate 25 (OH)D to 1,25 (OH) 2 D results to a chain reaction
This review discusses observational and available clinical trial evidence about the effects of both calcitriol and vitamin D analogs (active) and ergocalciferol and